Introduction

Gurobi allows you to formulate non-linear optimization models. If these models adhere to certain properties, they are called convex. This is an important property to know about when solving an optimization model, because convexity can be algorithmically exploited to solve the model faster.

However, it can happen that when a convex model is formulated, Gurobi will claim that the model is non-convex.

What is happening?

This can happen for two reasons:

1. In general, convexity is a difficult property to prove. Gurobi recognizes many convex problem structures to be convex, but not all.
2. The convexity of a model can be impacted by reformulations and aggregations that happen in the presolve phase. Specifically, Gurobi's presolve may convert a convex model into a non-convex model.

So what can I do?

Gurobi takes special care to preserve convexity for certain mathematical structures that are known to be convex, most notably the standard second-order cone constraint of the form \( x^\top x \leq y^2 \), where \( x \in \mathbb{R}^n \) and \( y \geq 0 \). Therefore, the best option is to reformulate your model into such a standard form.

If this is not an option, then disabling presolve may also help, as Gurobi will not perform the reformulations which can convert a convex model into a non-convex model. However, disabling presolve often has a serious adverse effect on performance.

Further information

• What type of models can Gurobi solve?
• How does presolve work?
• ERROR 10020: Objective Q not PSD and ERROR 10021: Quadratic equality constraints